$BB?J,%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$O$d$,$F%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N$G2P$+$-K@$h$jIa5Z$9$k$h$&$K$J$k$+!#(B $B>e$N%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N$N(B1$B$D$O?7$7$$%P%C%/%.%c%b%s%W%m%@%/%H$N?J?e$r!":G6aH/I=$7$?!#(B $B7W;;@$3&$N:G$bIa5Z$7$?%2!<%`$N(B1$B$D$O!V2&!W$*$h$S%?%$%_%s%0$N5;=Q$rI,MW$H$9$k$3$H$*$h$S!"%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$N%2!<%`$H$7$FCN$i$l!"$5$+$N$\$C$F$$$FJQ7A$,(B5,000$BG/0J>e:G$b8E$$$N(B1$B$O!"$*$h$S:#%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N9M$($k5pBg$G$"$k$3$H$r!#(B $Be$N%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N$N(B1$B$D$N(Bceo$B$r8@$C$?!#(B $B!V;dC#$O%2!<%`$N;dC#$NM-2A>Z7t$K$=$l$r2C$($FHs>o$K4r$7$$!W!#(B $B?7$7$$%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$N%&%'%V%5%$%H$O<+M3$^$?$O(BHypergammon$B$*$h$S(BNackgammon$B$r4^$`?'!9$J%,%b%sHG$N8=6b$N$?$a$N1i7`$K%2!<%`$r!"Ds6!$9$k!#(B $B>e$N%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%NM-2A>Z7t$N$9$Y$F$N%W%m%@%/%H$HF1$8$h$&$K!"8\5R$O%W%m%@%/%H$r;O$a$k$+!"$^$?$O;HMQ$9$k$3$H$K$D$$$F$N$"$i$f$k$C$F%*%s%i%$%s$G%+%8%N$=$l$K;E;v$r$9$k%\!<%I%2!<%`$O$$$+$K$3$H$,$G$-$k$"$k$+!#(B

$B3F%W%l!<%d!<$K(B24$B$N;03Q7A(B($B%]%$%s%H(B)$B$N4V$G(B2$B$D$N%@%$%9$N%m!<%k$K=>$C$FF0$/(B15$BItJ,(B($B%l%878(B)$B$,$"$k!#(B $B%2!<%`$NL\E*$O$9$Y$F$N(B15$B?M$N%l%878$rHD$rN%$l$FF0$+$9$?$a$K!"$9$J$o$ABQ$($k$Y$-$G$"$k$3$H!"Bh(B1$B$G$"$k!#(B $BNr;K$N:G$b8E$$5-O?$5$l$?%2!<%`!"%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$O%S%6%s%F%#%&%`9DDk(BZeno (476-481 A.D.)$B$N(Bepigram$B$G=q$+$l$F$$$k8EBe(BMesopotamian$B$N%2!<%`$N(Btabula$B$K:,$rC)$k!#(B $B$=$l0J>e$N9M8E3XE*$J7!:o$O$:$C$H(B3000$B$K%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$N5/8;$N2DG=$JF|IU$r5*85A0$KCV$$$F$$$k!#(B $B%A%'%9$HF1$8$h$&$K!"%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$O%3%s%T%e!<%?5;=Q$*$h$S:#%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N$H$+$J$j%$%s%?!<%U%'%$%9$7$?!#(B 1979$BG/$^$G$K!"(BHans$B$N(BBerliner$B$N(BBKG 9.8$B%W%m%0%i%`$O@$3&$N%A%c%s%T%*%s$N%P%C%/%.%c%b%s%W%l!<%d!<$rGTKL$5$;!"$=$l0JMh%K%e!<%i%k!&%M%C%H%o!<%/$*$h$SB>$N%"%W%m!<%A$O;ve$N%P%C%/%.%c%b%s$NH?BP$N9q!9$GIa5Z$7$F$$$k!#(B $B%2!<%`$OJF9q$NI|3h$r(B20$BG/Be$H$5$i$K$b$C$H(B70$BG/Be$N4V$K6O$+$J3Z$7$s$@!"$3$l$O>e$N%*%s%i%$%s%+%8%N$G@.8y$9$k$=$l$N$?$a$N==J,$G$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B